A biblical perspective on the American church’s response to COVID-19
- The church is commanded to not stop meeting together.
For the nearly 2,000-year history of the Christian church, in-person assembly for worship has been the norm (including teaching of God’s word, encouragement, prayer, praise, repentance, communion, baptism, etc.). Whether meeting in a home or at a mega church, this is not a mere cultural habit—scripture actually commands it. The Old Testament admonishes us to “remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.” Exodus 20:8. The New Testament demands that we “not giv[e] up meeting together, as some are in the habit of doing, but encouraging one another—and all the more as you see the Day approaching” Hebrews 10:15 NIV (See also Acts 2:20; Acts 2:42; Acts 2:46; Acts 5:42). Jesus promised, “For where two or three are gathered in my name, there am I among them” (Matthew 18:20, ESV). His presence is directly connected to gathering. The Greek word ecclesia literally means the “assembly.” Alone we are saints. Together are we the church. Video services have been promoted as a perfectly acceptable replacement for the in-person assembly of the church. They are not.
Martin Luther was a model of obedience to the biblical command to gather and worship, even during the plague, a scourge that killed far more people than the coronavirus (between 30% to 60% of the population). He wrote in a letter to a pastor in 1527, “We have done this [instructed souls how to face death] orally from the pulpit, and still do so every day in fulfillment of the ministry to which we have been called as pastors. First, one must admonish the people to attend church and listen to the sermon so that they learn through God’s word how to live and how to die” (See link below). It is very difficult, if not impossible, to take communion, baptize new believers, make disciples, and teach people to obey all Jesus has commanded us, among other things, via the streaming, live or otherwise, on the internet (See Luke 22:19-20; 1 Cor. 11:2; Matthew 28:18-20, Mark 16:16; Acts 2:37-38; Hebrews 10:25). Jesus promises us that “the gates of hell shall not prevail against” the church (Matthew 16:18), so why are we allowing the relatively tame coronavirus to stop us from meeting together in obedience to God? Orthodoxy (right belief) is not enough. Orthopraxis (right action) is also required. “Do not merely listen to the word, and so deceive yourselves. Do what it says” James 1:22. There is no pandemic exception to scripture, including God’s clear instruction to regularly gather together.
- Churches stopped meeting together indefinitely after stay-at-home orders were issued.
In mid-March, panicked by significantly overblown “scientific” projections predicting certain widespread calamity and death, governors across the nation started issuing sweeping stay-at-home orders, exempting only people and businesses declared “essential” by government fiat. Almost overnight, it seemed like most, if not all, of America’s more than 300,000 churches were closed. We were all asked to do our part to “flatten the curve” and most churches obliged. Some orders initially exempted churches or declared church assemblies essential, most did not. At that point, Church leadership justified the decision to shut down for three primary reasons: 1) the pandemic seems to be really bad and scary, 2) Romans 13 commands us to obey the governing authorities, and 3) we ought to love our neighbors, not kill them. The secular state did not see churches as “essential.” However, biblically committed believers objected to this secular mischaracterization, affirming that their faith is as spiritually important to them as the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water we drink. But apparently, when the rubber met the road with this pandemic, neither did the church see itself as essential, since most were so willing to shut sanctuary doors and forsake in-person assembly, without nary a peep of protest. The church’s compliant response was perhaps understandable in the early days of the pandemic, but as the facts and data emerged, maintaining the panic response became untenable. Sadly, churches that kept meeting out of biblical fidelity were disparaged, not only by the secular media, but by fellow Christian “leaders.” But if the church of Jesus Christ would have risen up as one early on to declare it’s essentiality? I believe the government would have backed down. But, tragically, that’s not what we did. We collectively affirmed our non-essentiality and obeyed the secular state, but not God. Its unimaginable to think of Jesus, Paul, or Martin Luther congratulating us for shutting down our churches.
- Stay at home orders and exceptions do target the church and do discriminate against religious assemblies.
Perhaps to justify their obeisance to the state, some Christian leaders have claimed that churches were not targeted or discriminated against by the sweeping stay-at-home orders and gathering bans when compared to similar secular gatherings. As a constitutional attorney, I can assure you that sentiment is demonstrably not in alignment with reality. Many states and local authorities did, in fact, target churches and discriminate against Christian assemblies, treating religious gatherings far worse than a myriad of comparable secular locations where people assemble. These comparable secular locations include airports, train stations, Walmart, Home Depot, pot dispensaries, liquor stores, offices, and many other locations where people were permitted to continue to assemble and gather. In California, for example, this discrimination continues unabated as Governor Newsom’s plan will open dine-in restaurants, offices, schools and malls before churches. That’s not acceptable. Under our constitution, churches are given special protection by the First Amendment’s free exercise clause. That means that churches should actually be treated better than similarly situated secular places where people gather, not worse. Yet, untold numbers of people were permitted to gather at these secular locations virtually unrestricted, as long as they purportedly followed social distancing. However, churches were not given the same benefit. Why? Most churches were restricted to only streaming worship services over the internet. As churches started pushing back, more than 15 states agreed to view church assemblies as “essential.” Churches started winning “drive-in” cases in federal courts. The U.S. Department of Justice saw the injustice and started weighing in, filing statements of interest supporting churches. Now, churches are starting to win assembly cases in Kansas, Kentucky, North Carolina and elsewhere. The DOJ submitted a powerful letter to Governor Gavin Newsom on March 19, 2020, warning him about California’s discriminatory treatment of churches (See link below).
- When faced with an unjust law, which opposes biblical principles, Christians ought to obey God, not man.
There is a long tradition of peaceful biblical civil disobedience Egyptian midwives (refusing the kings order to kill male children); Daniel (refusing to stop praying); Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego (refusing to bow and worship the king’s statue); Peter (refusing to stop speaking in Jesus’ name). Martin Luther King, Jr. laid out the case for principled Christian Civil Disobedience in his famous Letter from a Birmingham Jail. In that powerful letter, he challenges white pastors for being timid and weak in the face of the injustice of racial discrimination. Quoting Thomas Aquinas, Luther pointed out that there are times when it is acceptable or even a matter of obedience to God and conscience to disobey governing authorities. Such instances are triggered by a man-made law that is unjust. If the unjust secular law commands you to disobey a just command of God, a Christian is justified in disobeying the unjust law and obeying God. However, the Christian engaging in principled Christian civil disobedience must be ready to accept punishment, whether it be persecution, jail, or death. That’s precisely what pastors are facing today. Governors have issued unjust edicts in the form of executive orders, which command churches to indefinitely stop meeting. These are in violation of God’s clear command to regularly gather for fellowship and worship. I submit that the faithful church is duty bound to obey God, not man here. Perhaps, though, the reason that we are not obeying God, is because we fear that we might actually be called upon to suffer for our faith. We are not bold and courageous. Rather, we are weak and feckless.
- It is unloving to disobey God.
Many churches have argued that they have a duty to love those in their congregation and community. True. But then they imply to that continue to meet with COVID-19 floating around in the community is somehow unloving, perhaps as risky as shooting a gun blindfolded into a crowd. While this argument may pull on our heart strings, it misses the biblical mark. The first commandment we are to obey is to love God with everything that we have. Loving others is second. Jesus told his disciples, “If you love me, you will keep my commandments” John 14:15. God commands us to gather. God, by definition is love. Therefore, it cannot be reasonably argued that obeying God’s command to meet is therefore somehow unloving. Conversely, we cannot rightly claim that we are loving God if we disobey Him. We can only rightly love people if we love God. Yes, we are to love people, but we are to love (and obey) God first. Making loving others the primary goal, as many churches have done even before the pandemic, can lead to ignoring our primary obligations of love and obedience to God. Wanting people to like us is leading the church to widespread compromise, capitulation and assimilation to secular worldviews. That is precisely what is happening here. We must get our spiritual priorities straight. Love God first. Love people second. Otherwise we will be confused and live spiritually weak lives. The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom (Proverbs 9:10). Fear of man is a snare (Proverbs 29:25) that always leads to compromise and disobedience in the cause of worldly redefinitions and human conceptions of “love.”
- Obeying God and asserting our constitutional rights is, in fact, obeying the government.
Many pastors have used Romans 13 to justify their decision to assent to our church doors being shut and in-person assembly for worship being suspended indefinitely. This reliance in misplaced. Yes, as a general proposition, under normal circumstances, we are certainly commanded to obey the governing authorities. But these are not normal circumstances because the government is prohibiting what God requires and our constitution secures. We must be clear here about who is the government. In our republic, the highest level of government authority is “We the people.” As a free people, we eschew kings or tyrants who are prone to oppress us and subvert our civil rights. Thus, we have created a system of self-government. Public servants serve the citizens, not the other way around. The highest law we have agreed upon via the “consent of the governed,” is the U.S. Constitution (the Supreme law of the land). Related to this issue, the First Amendment located in a primary position in the Bill of Rights protects our right to peaceably assemble, freedom of speech (including religious speech), and most relevant here, the free exercise of religion. All governing authorities are bound to honor and respect our fundamental and unalienable constitutional rights. No governing authority is above the law. That includes our president, governors and all local officials. If we desire to remain free, including in the exercise of our religion, we cannot afford to blindly obey unjust and unlawful orders that subvert our constitutional liberties and command disobedience to our Lord. Therefore, when the church simply insists that the governing authorities respect and honor our civil rights, we are in fact obeying the governing authorities, not “rebelling” in disobedience to God as some have falsely implied or argued. Yes, we are to render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar’s but we are supposed to render to God the things that are God’s (See Matthew 22:22). For the sake of Caesar, we ought not abandon the duties that we owe our Creator. These include our regular assembly and worship.
- Safety and faith are not mutually exclusive—they can co-exist together.
Our lives and deaths are in God’s hands. Ultimately, it is His responsibility to keep the church and individual saints safe, not the government nor church leadership.
Whoever dwells in the shelter of the Most High
will rest in the shadow of the Almighty.
I will say of You, Lord, “You are my refuge and my fortress,
my God, in whom I trust.”
Surely You will save me
from the fowler’s snare
and from the deadly pestilence.
You will cover me with Your feathers,
and under Your wings I will find refuge;
Your faithfulness will be my shield and rampart.
I will not fear the terror of night,
nor the arrow that flies by day,
nor the pestilence that stalks in the darkness,
nor the plague that destroys at midday.
A thousand may fall at my side,
ten thousand at my right hand,
but it will not come near me.
-Psalm 91:1-7
Churches can be faithful to God’s word and reasonably protect the health and safety of their congregation and communities. The purported choice between health or safety is a false choice. Churches, just like secular locations, could have continued to faithfully meet while at the same time keeping people reasonably safe by following CDC guidelines. Those who argue that you have to somehow choose one or the other are committing a logical and practical fallacy and are not trusting in God’s sovereignty. If people can safely assemble in other locations, by following CDC guidelines including social distancing, the same can be done at church. Churches can and should meet and meet safely. We can do this! We can walk and chew gum at the same time while ultimately leaving our lives in God’s hands. Do we really trust God, or do we not?
- We cannot protect everyone from every threat because we are not God and it is foolish to try.
Only God is sovereign. We are not. He controls life and death. On this side of heaven, we cannot protect everyone from every conceivable risk or harm and continue to live as free people in a free nation. Yet now, strange new coronavirus “logic” commands that we must not do anything if it might be “unsafe.” Nonsense! Life is not safe and living certainly involves many risks! We take risks every day when we decide to get out of bed. Yes, danger lurks in our world and people even die. But that doesn’t mean we should walk around in constant terror, fear and panic. Under our new COVID-19 lockdown “logic,” perhaps we should all stop driving for love of our neighbor and selves because auto accidents kill 38,000 people every year. And certainly we must outlaw obesity, which kills 300,000 annually. But that would be silly and foolish. Before the coronavirus we did not allow the swine-flu, avian flu, bad flu seasons, nor pneumonia outbreaks to cancel church. So, why are we doing that now? Admittedly, COVID-19 is more of a threat than the common flu. But it is not significantly more so. Our collective overreaction to the coronavirus doesn’t make rational sense and sets a horrible precedent for the future of all freedoms—including religious freedom. If we decide as a nation to respond to every threat like we did with COVID-19 (i.e. smashing a mosquito with a sledgehammer), we will have no liberty and we will bankrupt our nation. We must not allow perpetual fear of the unknown to destroy freedom and civil rights.
Christians are supposed to be “Not of this world.” Yet, safety has suddenly become an overpowering idol, sadly replacing and superseding our obedience to Jesus Christ. Fear makes us stupid. Living in constant fear of infection and death is not biblical nor is it Christ-like. Likewise, it is foolish to destroy the entire economy and undermine religious freedom for the sake of 100,000 deaths. While we are not to be reckless or foolish, we are not in control of life and death. That is God’s domain alone. As Martin Luther, author of the 95 Thesis, wrote in a letter about “social distancing” during the plague: “If God should wish to take me, he will surely find me and I have done what he has expected of me and so I am not responsible for either my own death or the death of others. If my neighbor needs me however I shall not avoid place or person but will go freely as stated above.”
- A faithful church runs towards danger, not away.
The church is called to be salt and light. That means when the culture is facing danger and death, the church steps up and engages by speaking the truth in love (Eph. 4:15) and committing sacrificial acts of compassion and mercy–it doesn’t shut its doors to the needy and run away and hide in fear. At the very time when people are experiencing much fear, confusion, isolation, and looking for answers, the church should be there. We, who uniquely understand what is good, true, and beautiful, ought not to be sidelined. We are commanded to deny ourselves, pick up our crosses, and follow Jesus.
In fact, Christians should be on the front lines sacrificially loving, serving, ministering to and praying for our neighbors. We have a multitude of positive historical examples, including believers who physically cared for the sick in the Roman empire during plagues. During a cholera outbreak, Charles Spurgeon prioritized local ministry, continued church meetings, physically ministered to the sick, shared the gospel with hurting souls, and entrusted his life to God. As Martin Luther wrote, “Those who are engaged in a spiritual ministry such as preachers and pastors must likewise remain steadfast before the peril of death. We have a plain command from Christ, “A good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep but the hireling sees the wolf coming and flees [John 10:11].” Pastors, be shepherds, not hirelings.
9.5 Rise Up Shepherds, there is great blessing in obeying God.
The church of Jesus Christ needs strong and courageous leaders now, perhaps more than ever. Historically, we are in a Bonhoeffer moment and the church desperately needs more Bonhoeffers. Bold biblical shepherds are required for such a time as this. Not those who pretend the threats are not real or faint in fear or panic and run away like hirelings as many threatening wolves are prowling outside the doors of our churches (See John 10:12-13). Our choices have consequences. What we do in life echoes in eternity. There is blessing in obeying God. There are consequences for disobedience. Ideas have consequences. Bad ideas have victims. Indeed, many Churches who acquiesced to being shut down indefinitely have experienced seeing many negative impacts. These include not being able to meet with members in crisis, loss of revenue, laying off staff, and many others. In many ways, these are self-inflicted wounds.
To be blunt— this is neither the time nor the hour for Christian snowflakes. The church of Jesus Christ needs to wake up, dig down deep, find the courage of its convictions and rediscover its “spiritual” spine. I believe the Lord is calling His church to cast off timidity and fear and commit anew to proactively engaging the world for Jesus Christ in fulfilling the great commission, which includes making disciples (not coverts) and teaching people to obey everything that Jesus commands (Matthew 28:18-20). We, uniquely, have the words of life. We know what is good true and beautiful. We ought to be bold and courageous in this present darkness. “For God has not given us a spirit of fear, but of power, love and a sound mind.” 2 Timothy 1:7. Choose this day whom you will serve, but for me and my house, we will serve the Lord (See Joshua 24:25).
For further reading:
Martin Luther’s letter during the plague (circa 1527): https://blogs.lcms.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Plague-blogLW.pdf
DOJ’s May 19, 2020 letter to California Governor Gavin Newsom regarding his treatment of churches: https://www.politico.com/f/?id=00000172-3334-d930-a77f-b3b7e1a50000&fbclid=IwAR29–bZcKRcB-sBlcRXA4a35ChqsfdpL6S1y1WJ3DDqePHxWshYqnBTlxI